Printed in 1543 by Johannes Oporinus and edited by Theodor Bibliander, the first Latin Qur'an survived censorship through Martin Luther’s intervention. Luther argued that exposing Islamic scripture would immunize Christians. Intended as a spiritual weapon against the Ottomans, the edition paradoxically established the academic study of Islam in Europe.

Jesus fulfills Isaiah’s vision as the virgin-born Immanuel and the Light of Galilee. He validated his Messiahship through miracles and by suffering vicariously as the Servant who bore the sins of many. His resurrection and inclusion of Gentiles complete the prophet's vision of universal redemption.

The 613 Mosaic laws expose human inability to attain perfection, acting as a tutor to reveal sin. John 3:16 offers the remedy: eternal life through faith in Jesus, who fulfilled the Law's requirements via His active and passive obedience. Remarkably, various "3:16" verses throughout Scripture mirror this redemptive theme.

Catholic theology argues that Jesus, the primary "Rock," established Peter as "Rock" (Kepha) by participation, not replacement. This creates a vicarious office modeled on the Davidic prime minister (Eliakim), where Peter acts as Christ’s visible representative (Vicar) to maintain unity, while Jesus remains the ultimate, invisible foundation.

The Bible does not command blind belief in every prophecy but mandates discernment. While 2 Chronicles 20:20 encourages trusting God's established prophets , 1 John 4:1 explicitly commands believers to "test the spirits". True belief follows rigorous testing against Scripture , evaluating the prophet's character , and community judgment.

Christian infant baptism ranges from a sacrament cleansing Original Sin in Catholic and Orthodox traditions to a covenantal seal in Reformed theology, replacing circumcision. Distinct from Baptist "baby dedication" , the rite involves parents and godparents vowing to raise the child within the visible Church community.

Saul of Tarsus, a zealous persecutor of Christians, was transformed by a blinding encounter with the risen Jesus on the Damascus Road. Reborn as Paul, the Apostle to the Gentiles, he spread the gospel across the Roman Empire. He eventually fulfilled his mission in Rome, preaching boldly under house arrest before his martyrdom.

Christian symbolism, rooted in the Incarnation, invests the material world with spiritual meaning. Biblical numerology like 3 and 7 organizes divine truth , while symbols like the Ichthys and Anchor served as secret codes during persecution. Architecture and liturgy further this "grammar of faith," connecting the visible to the invisible.

Jesus’s "I Am" declaration claimed divine identity (Ani Hu), prompting a religious death sentence for blasphemy. However, Jewish leaders reframed this as political sedition ("King of the Jews") to force Pontius Pilate’s hand. Fearing treason charges after his patron Sejanus’s fall, Pilate ordered crucifixion rather than stoning.

Driven by heresy and imperial strategy, the Bible evolved from fluid traditions into a fixed canon. Marcionism necessitated a defined New Testament , while Constantine and Theodosius codified orthodoxy to unify Rome. Simultaneously, Armenia, Georgia, and Aksum adopted state Christianity to strengthen national sovereignty against foreign influence.

Jesus fuses the Shema's vertical command to love God with the horizontal mandate to love one's neighbor, creating a singular ethical constitution. This bipartite mandate serves as the structural hinge (krematai) for all Scripture. Love acts as the Law's teleological fulfillment (plerosis), satisfying its ultimate intent through total consecration.

Far more than a cultural slogan, John 3:16 acts as the theological climax of the Nicodemus dialogue. By linking the "unique" (monogenēs) Son to the bronze serpent typology, it defines God's love as a sacrificial act for a hostile world, sparking centuries of debate regarding the scope of atonement and the nature of belief.

Faith, hope, and love constitute the "theological virtues," evolving from Paul’s epistles into the structural core of Christian dogmatics under Augustine and Aquinas. While the Reformation redefined their soteriological roles, they remain the essential Christian answer to human existence, with Love identified as the supreme, eternal reality.

The veil's rending symbolizes the end of the Levitical order and the opening of direct access to God through Christ’s flesh. Historically, it marks the departure of God's glory, coinciding with Jewish records of the cessation of miracles 40 years before the Temple's destruction , and functions as a cosmic sign of de-creation and divine mourning.

The New Jerusalem is not merely Eden restored, but Eden glorified. Christ, the Second Adam, reverses the Fall's curse , transforming the original vulnerable garden into a secure, cosmic garden-city. This final state fulfills Eden’s potential, offering redeemed humanity unmediated fellowship with God forever.

Revelation 16 details the "Seven Bowls" of God's final wrath. Interpretations vary: Preterists see Jerusalem's AD 70 destruction ; Historicists, the dismantling of corrupt Christendom ; Futurists, literal global catastrophes ; and Idealists, a timeless spiritual struggle. The chapter culminates at Armageddon, ending with the divine proclamation, "It is done

Revelation 11 serves as a theological interlude depicting the spiritual preservation of God's temple and the empowered ministry of two witnesses. Though martyred by the beast, their resurrection and ascension demonstrate divine vindication over worldly opposition. The chapter culminates with the seventh trumpet, announcing the final establishment of Christ's eternal kingdom.

Matthew 13 pivots to parabolic teaching, revealing the "Kingdom of Heaven" as a present yet hidden reality during the inter-advent age. These stories illustrate that the Kingdom grows amidst evil (Wheat and Tares), permeates culture (Leaven), requires radical surrender (Pearl), and culminates in final divine judgment rather than immediate political conquest.

Christian exegesis identifies Daniel as a foundational Christological text. The "Stone" (Daniel 2) prefigures Christ's eternal Kingdom , while the "Son of Man" (Daniel 7) establishes his divine authority. Most notably, the "Seventy Weeks" (Daniel 9) is interpreted as a mathematical prophecy pinpointing the timing of Jesus’s crucifixion.