The International Criminal Court (ICC) investigates serious violations of international law, but its jurisdiction is limited, particularly in Cuba, as the country is not a party to the Rome Statute. Consequently, the ICC cannot automatically prosecute crimes committed in Cuba or by Cuban nationals unless the government accedes to the Rome Statute or accepts the court’s jurisdiction through a special declaration. Cuban individuals and groups have filed complaints highlighting severe human rights violations by the state, including allegations of exploitation of medical professionals during overseas missions, forced labor, arbitrary detention, political persecution, and repression of dissent. Reports detail harsh treatment of political prisoners, including inhumane detention conditions and lack of due process. The general population faces significant suffering due to arbitrary arrests, unjust trials, food and medicine shortages, and a censored media environment. For the ICC to act, the Cuban government must take legal steps, either by ratifying the Rome Statute or submitting a declaration. Therefore, it is crucial for Cuban citizens, human rights defenders, and civil society organizations to advocate for ICC jurisdiction, thereby fostering accountability and supporting victims’ rights in a struggle for transparency and the rule of law.